Kursus Bahasa Inggris #3

Materi pertemuan ketiga (31 Mei 2014)  adalah :

1. Past Simple (did+V2)
2. Past Continuous (was/were + Ving)
3. Present Perfect (have+V3)
4. In, on, at untuk waktu

1. Past Simple

• Past tense dengan verb.

I went to Bandung last week.

When did you go to Bandung?

• Past tense of to be (tanpa verb)

I was in Bandung last week.

Where were you last week?

Past tense tanpa verb juga digunakan untuk menanyakan kondisi, misalnya : How was the traffic? Was the traffic good?

2. Past Continuous

• Rumus : S +was/were+Ving. Menceritakan hal yang sedang berlangsung pada masa lalu.
• Past continuous bisa digunakan dalam satu kalimat bersama dengan past continuous atau dengan past simple.
• Contoh past continuous (activity) + past continous (activity) :

I was doing my homework while my sister was sleeping.

She was hiding behind the tree while her mother was looking for her.

My father was reading the newspaper while my mother was preparing our dinner.

• Past continuous menunjukkan aktivitas (activity) yang sedang berlangsung di masa lalu, sedangkan past tense menunjukkan event yang terjadi di tengah-tengah aktivitas tersebut.
• Contoh past continuous (activity) + past tense (event) :

I was watching tv (activity) when my father arrived home (event);

I was walking down the street (activity) when I saw her (event).

I was listening to music (activity) when the electricity went down (event)

3. Present Perfect

• Rumus : S+have+v3

• Tujuan present perfect :

1. Mengecek progress
2. Mengetahui pengalaman spesial/penting
3. Membuka percakapan, tapi setelah itu menggunakan past tense
4. Menunjukkan achievement/pride

Contoh mengecek progress :

Have you done your homework yet? –> British. Pakai “yet”.

Have you done your homework? –> Amerika. Jarang pakai “yet”.

Catatan : perhatikan perbedaan 2 kalimat berikut ini :

I did my homework last night –> belum pasti selesai

I have done my homework –> tidak peduli kapan mengerjakan PR, tapi PR itu sudah selesai saat kalimat ini diucapkan.

Contoh ingin tahu pengalaman yang penting atau spesial :

Have you ever been abroad? –> Catatan : kalau sudah pakai “ever” maka tidak pakai “yet”

Perhatikan perbedaan 2 kalimat berikut ini :

Have you ever been to Bali? –> bertanya tentang pengalaman penting

Have you gone to Bali? –> mengecek progress

Contoh membuka percakapan :

Have you had your breakfast yet?

Jawab : Yes, I have/No, I haven’t (short answer); Yes, I had my breakfast (complete answer)

Catatan : pertanyaan pembuka memakai present perfect, sedangkan pertanyaan sesudah itu menggunakan past tense. Sehingga urutannya menjadi :

Have you had your breakfast yet? (Present perfect)

What did you have for your breakfast? (Past tense)

Who did you have your breakfast with? (Past tense)

Contoh menunjukkan achievement/pride :

I have worked there for 2 years.

Bandingkan dengan present perfect continuous yang menekankan pada durasi :

I have been working there for 2 years.

4. In, On, At untuk Waktu

In = untuk tahun, bulan. In 2009; in December.

On = untuk hari dan tanggal . On Wednesday, on June 17th.

At = at night, at noon, at 6 o’clock